Girls graduate primary school………
Primary school closed this month. Forty one Maasai girls, who have now completed their primary education, have come to me here at the mission. They are asking to stay here with us till the examination results are published early next year. The girls fear that staying at home may result in getting pregnant and/or being pressured into getting married. I have taken each one home to talk to her parents and all the parents, except two have agreed that their daughters stay here. We are teaching some English and Math to these girls, hoping that many or most will be chosen by the government to enter secondary school. This is a confusing time for these girls and they face an uncertain future. The one certainty in their lives is their desire for an education and their wish to help their families, especially their mothers and younger brothers and sisters.
The Laibon...good and bad....
The Laibon is a very important man here in Maasailand. Many times the title is translated witch doctor, but since the Maasai don't have witches among them, it doesn't really fit. The basic idea though, of being a doctor to help when the occult or unexplainable threatens does fit. It is important to keep in mind that the first question asked by Maasai and I imagine Africans generally in time of trouble is [1]WHY[1]. Our question [1]WHAT[1] is of secondary importance to him. The Maasai is certain that if he can deal with the root cause of the trouble which is of course some spiritual dislocation (a curse or whatever), there will be little difficulty in dealing with the physical reason for the trouble. The job of the "Laibon" therefore is primarily to explain why bad things happen to people, why a person is sick, why a woman can't get pregnant or whatever. He goes about the task of discovering [1]why[1]; it may be that the person has been cursed, is under the influence of an evil eye, or maybe some sin of the an ancestor or even of the person in difficulty himself may be to blame. He makes his diagnosis by means of about forty little round stones of different colors which he pours out from a gourd onto a skin spread out on the ground. By looking carefully at these stones, how they have fallen, what colors are together and which colors are separated from each other, he is able to discover why the person who has come to him is in difficulty, and furthermore what might be done about it. He may decide that it is something simple like not have received a very important bracelet from one's mother at the time of her death, or something very complicated to deal with with like the solemn curse of someone now long dead. Whatever the "Laibon" discovers it to be, he will prescribe a remedy. Perhaps he will tell the person to go to the source of the Oldagum, a stream in this area, and wash in the water after mixing in some particular roots. Again he may direct that a sheep be slaughtered and skin necklaces be made from the hide to be worn in a certain way for some specified length of time. If the sickness of the person begins to fade, the "Laibon" will be brought gifts in thanksgiving, and his reputation will increase. If the person doesn't get better or get pregnant or whatever, another "Laibon" will be sought and consulted. Very often the intervention of the "Laibon" can be helpful, but not always. Among the villages in which I teach there are three "Laibons". Very often I come upon them doing their thing with the stones. they are used to me being around and have no objection to me sitting and watching. This morning I taught at the village of Olendetiai. As I arrived, I found the very old almost totally blind "Laibon" sitting under a tree with some people who had traveled from a place called Piaiya to consult him, two days travel by foot. It seems the son of the elder sitting under the tree with Olendetial had been sick for years with some kind of a very serious skin decease. As I sat down at the outer edge of the small group, at whose center Lendetiai was carefully consulted his little piles of colored stones. He had poured them out some minutes before from a beautifully prepared cow horn. He was saying, "Your son is cursed.". The old man asked, "But by who?". The old "Laibon" answered that it was the elders' oldest wife, who had cursed the boy out of jealousy. It seems that she herself had no son, the sick boy being the son of her co-wife. But what must I do so that my son will get better asked the old man. The Laibon gave his remedy. She must be driven from your village with out cattle or even gourds of water and never allowed to come back. I was horrified. It seemed to me that for all practical purposes the "Laibon" had just imposed the death sentence, in a totally arbitrary manner, on some poor woman who perhaps was as grieved over the sickness of her co-wife's son as anybody else.